This article is a reflection on my experiences and knowledge, acquired over the past 20 years, living in Mazar-e-Sharif, a city that has seen immense changes through different phases of Afghanistan’s history, including its current state under Taliban control. Before delving into recent developments, let’s briefly explore why the city is referred to as “Mazar-e-Sharif.”
The term “Sharif,” meaning “noble” or “glorious” in Persian, is used as an adjective for the city, tied to its religious significance. According to an ancient narrative, Mazar-e-Sharif is believed to be the final resting place of Hazrat Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and a central figure in Islam. His shrine, known as the Blue Mosque (Rawze Sharif), stands as a symbol of reverence, drawing devotees from across the world. This association gives the city its honorific name, Mazar-e-Sharif, which translates to “the noble shrine.”
The return of the Taliban in August 2021 marked a stark turning point for the city, as well as for Afghanistan as a whole. While Mazar-e-Sharif remains peaceful compared to some other regions, there have been significant changes in governance, public services, and daily life. The Taliban’s imposition of strict laws has led to restrictions on women’s rights, particularly in education and public spaces, erasing many of the social gains made in the last two decades.
As of 2022, Mazar-e-Sharif’s population was officially recorded at approximately 595,000.
This figure is likely an underestimation, as many residents in the surrounding districts stay unregistered. The city is home to a diverse array of ethnic groups, including Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, and Pashtuns, and has always been a bustling hub of cultural and economic activity in the northern region of Afghanistan.
Mazar-e-Sharif is known for its vibrant cultural celebrations, especially during the Persian New Year, known as Nowruz. Each spring, visitors from across Afghanistan and neighboring countries gather to mark the occasion at the Blue Mosque, a key symbol of the city’s identity. Foreign dignitaries, ambassadors, and local authorities also join in these festivities, reflecting Mazar’s longstanding importance on the regional stage.
On the 13th day of Nowruz, local families often partake in picnics in the countryside, a tradition known as “Zabza Laghatak,” where people walk on green grass, symbolizing their connection to the earth and renewal of life.
Apart from cultural traditions, Mazar-e-Sharif is also renowned for its unique culinary delights, particularly the sweet treat called “Sheer Pira,” made from milk and nuts, a delicacy loved by locals and visitors alike.
The city of Mazar-e-Sharif has experienced significant transformation since 2002, after the arrival of NATO and ISAF forces in Afghanistan. These international forces, working in collaboration with local authorities, particularly during the tenure of Balkh Governor Atta Mohammad Noor, brought much-needed security and stability to the region. This paved the way for considerable investments in infrastructure and development.
Key construction companies like Bashir Navid Ltd., Meitra, and Dawoodzai Group led projects to rebuild roads, hospitals, universities, and public institutions. During this time, Mazar-e-Sharif emerged as one of the most developed cities in Afghanistan, known for its robust public services, educational institutions, and thriving business sector.
The city became a symbol of hope and resilience, with industries, media outlets, banks, and transportation services flourishing. Mazar’s strategic location as a trade hub also bolstered its economic growth, with both land and air transportation services enhancing its connectivity with neighboring countries, especially Central Asia.
Economic activities have slowed due to international sanctions and reduced foreign investment. The city, which once buzzed with construction and trade, now faces an uncertain future. Nevertheless, Mazar-e-Sharif continues to hold its cultural significance, and its people stay resilient, adapting to the new political reality while holding onto the hope for peace and stability.
Having lived and seen the transformation of Mazar-e-Sharif firsthand, I can say that the city has experienced both the best and worst of times. From the golden era of reconstruction to the uncertain now under Taliban rule, Mazar-e-Sharif remains a vital part of Afghanistan’s identity. The people of this city, with their strength, perseverance, and deep cultural roots, continue to strive for a future where the progress of the past two decades is not forgotten.
The beauty, history, and significance of Mazar-e-Sharif have been shaped over centuries. It is my sincere hope that future generations will preserve what has been built and cherish the city’s unique heritage, regardless of the challenges that lie ahead.
